Background
An earthquake of violent intensity was recorded by the Seismological network of Pakistan Meteorological Department on 8th October 2005. According to the preliminary analysis of the Meteorological Station Peshawar the earthquake originated at 08 hrs 51 minutes Pakistan Standard Time and its epicenter lie at 34.4 N, 73.6 E. The magnitude of the earthquake on international Richter scale was 7.6. The earthquake caused widespread destruction in North Pakistan. The quake triggered landslides, burying entire villages and roads in many areas.

Along with a roughly a 100 thousand human casualties livestock also suffered great losses. The residents of these mountains have primary dependency on livestock production providing the residents food, manure, draught power and cash through sale of livestock and livestock products. During the early recovery phase, along with human shelter the livestock shelter also got a blow and most of the animal houses got destroyed. Provision of shelter to livestock particularly in high altitude areas is the primary priority of the affected population. Traditionally feed for winter scarcity is obtained from hay harvest and crop residues mainly maize stalks and wheat straw. The quake occurred at a critical season, when the local farmers were busy in hay harvest and maize harvest. The grasses and maize were either not so far harvested or stored at the time of devastation. Those not intending to migrate from their habitat hence face severe shortage of stored feed to keep their animal alive. Such feed is needed to be purchased from the market and would hence need temporary tent stores at different nucleus points. In addition for the available feed stores are not available, hence will remain exposed to leaching and bleaching leading to nutrient losses. The need would be to provide plastic cover sheets to protect that what is available from leaching and bleaching. Most of the available chopping machines that served to chop mainly the maize stalks have been destroyed during the quake and the farmers are not able to effectively use the available maize stalk for feeding livestock. This necessitates provision of chopping machine on emergency basis at least one machine per village. Due to emergency cash need complemented by the approaching feed scarce winter season, the people are also selling the remaining livestock at prices well below the normal rates leading to de-stocking. Along with re-stocking particularly for the severely affected inhabitants, arrangement of feed for winter will facilitate the local to refrain from selling their only retained asset after the quake.

The feed scarcity, approaching cool season and lack of shelter are complementary factors that predispose animals to deficiency diseases, outbreaks and worm infestation. Also a large number of animals have got injuries that are needed to be treated to avoid further economical losses to the already suffered population. This necessitates provision of veterinary cure, de-worming and vaccination to be provided at the door step of the affected households initially free of cost and then subsidized. Most of the veterinary hospitals, dispensaries and centers infrastructure has been vanished or is unusable. To meet the emergency demand for providing tented veterinary health care centers supported by mobile veterinary services for in the marginal annexed valleys. The terrain of the area is such that there will be still marginal population residing in the remote hamlets that would not be covered through the mobile facilities. In such areas auxiliary workers would needed to be trained in vaccination, de-worming and first aid to livestock, so that effective veterinary health care services could be extended to the affected population.

For the short term rehabilitation phase in livestock sector the need would be to demonstrate quake resistant affordable livestock houses that could be further replicated by the farmers themselves. During this phase re-construction of the veterinary extension centers would needed to be completed and these are needed to be strengthened through provision of surgical and diagnostic tools to effectively respond to the rehabilitation needs. A program to distribute, pregnant or lactating cattle, buffaloes and goats provision to the most affected household on first calf/kid return basis will be initiated. The calves and kids obtained will be subsequently provided to other similar households on similar terms and conditions. This will lead to effective livestock re-stocking in the quake affected areas. Similarly provision of poultry units comprising of four hens and one cockerel will contribute to economic empowerment as well as contribute to better nutrition of the children of affected population. A large quantity of milk is produced at the quake affected areas but can not be marketed due to its perishable nature and accessibility difficulties. As a result packed milk at two times higher prices are obtained in the urban centers of quake affected areas and the milk producers at mountains are compelled to process the surplus milk into milk products. To further complement the economic revival, during short term rehabilitation phase, both male and female farmer groups will needed to be trained in livestock product processing, management, breeding and marketing.

During the medium and long term rehabilitation phase emphasis will be given to pasture, rangeland and grassland improvement through re-seeding of the degraded slopes. This will improve the feed producing potentials of the local environment in sustainable and environmental friendly manner. Also emphasis will needed to be given on breed improvement through provision of elite rams, bucks and bulls for breeding purposes and development of location specific breed at the already existing livestock experiment station Jabba at Mansehra, for which its damaged infrastructure would needed to be re-built. Similarly mechanism would needed to be evolved for rectifying mineral and other nutrient deficiency through research based development of mineral supplement initially to be provided on subsidized rates and subsequently on cost recovery basis and training of the communities to formulate such supplements by themselves. In addition facilitation of milk processing unit through public private partnership will lead to efficient consumption of the locally produced milk and will play role in revival of the local economy. The available livestock markets have no facilities for watering, feeding, vaccination, shade and loading unloading facilities and these serve as revenue generation activities for urban municipal services at the cost of rural produce. This limits the bargaining power of the livestock sellers and livestock brought to the market are sold out with benefit to the purchaser. Such facilities are needed to be provided to improve the livestock marketing system and the bargaining power of the livestock producer. During the medium and long term rehabilitation phase introduction and extension of insurance scheme initially for milking buffaloes and subsequently for large sheep and goat herds will provide a sustainable strategy for long term livestock health management.

The rehabilitation program will be implemented through the following phases.

(1) EARLY RECOVERY OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN NWFP (1-6 months)

1.1 RECOVERY & IMPROVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEM

1.2 DEVELOPMENT & SUPPORT OF COMMUNITIES BASED ACTIVITIES

1.3 TARGETTED SUPPORT TO IMPROVE LIVELIHOOD OF VULNERABLE GROUPS

2.1 TEMPORARY REHABILITATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES FACILITIES

2.3 IMPROVEMENT OF SUPPORT SERVICES

(2) SHORT TERM REHABILITATION OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN NWFP (6-18 months)

1.1 RECOVERY & IMPROVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEM

1.3 TARGETTED SUPPORT TO IMPROVE LIVELIHOOD OF VULNERABLE GROUPS

1.4 LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION

2.1 REHABILITATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES FACILITIES

2.3 IMPROVEMENT OF SUPPORT SERVICES

(3) MEDIUM/LONG TERM REHABILITATION OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN NWFP (2-5 years)

1.2 DEVELOPMENT & SUPPORT OF COMMUNITIES BASED ACTIVITIES

1.4 LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION

2.3 IMPROVEMENT OF SUPPORT SERVICES

Criteria for distribution of Livestock related inputs and monitoring

A committee will be constituted at Union Council level comprising of:

The committee will ensure that animals are distributed amongst landless, poorest/widows.
District Agriculture Coordination Forum will monitor the activities of the committee. The forum will comprise of

Abbreviation

AAS                   Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
AMS                  Aggregate Measurement of Support
AoA                   Agreement on Agriculture
CAC                   Codex Alimentarius Commission
CAP                   Common Agricultural Policy
DDA                  Doha Development Agenda
DOA                  District Officer Agriculture
DOA                  District Officer Agriculture
DSM                  Dispute settlement Mechanism
EDO                  Executive District Officer
EDO                  Executive District Officer
EU                    European Union
GAP                   Good Agricultural Practices
GATS                 General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATT                 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GLC                   Gas Liquid Chromatography
GVP                   Good Veterinary Practices
HPLC                 High Performance Liquid Chromatography
IPPC                  International Plant Protection Convention
IPR                   Intellectual Property Rights
MTS                   Multilateral Trading System
NWFP                North West Frontier Province
OIE                   Office of International Epizootics
PSI                    Pakistan Standard Institute
S&DT                 Special & Different Treatment
SAARC               South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SPS                   Sanitary & Phyto-Sanitary
TBT                   Technical Barriers to Trade
TRIPS                Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights
UR                    Uruguay Round
US                    United States
UV/IR                Ultra Violate/Infra-Red
WTO                 World Trade Organization

The increasing public interest in the WTO’s work since its creation in 1995 has been matched by a growing demand for more information about the organization and the multilateral trading system. The WTO Unit since its establishment in 2003-04, in Agriculture Department has been working to meet this expectation through various activities to include a broader range of awareness. Our efforts to inform and to explain the role and work of the WTO draws on the expertise of the WTO Unit, disseminated through holding district level seminars, training of key personnel, publishing of information in Zarat-e-Sarhad and annual publications. This year we are expanding our activities including publication of informative booklet and website development to explain various aspects of the WTO and its work. There are two parts of this report, part one serves institutional aspects of the WTO, its multilateral trading system, implications for Pakistan and remedial measures. Part two gives the progress of the activities done during last fiscal year

After the end of each fiscal year the WTO Unit will continue to publish its Annual Report. These annual publications will constitute information regarding review of trade issues, developments and initiatives taken at WTO Headquarters and activities carried out by WTO Unit. These efforts are part of the WTO Unit’s continuing efforts to work in a manner which is informative and in tune with the expectations of the masses in and around NWFP.

Secretary to Government of NWFP
Agriculture, livestock & cooperation Department
Peshawar